تاريخ الادب

* The Romantic Age (1789-1832):
The romantic period was a very turbulent period, during which England experienced the ordeal of change from a primary agriculture society to a modern industrial nation.
French Revolution and the destruction of the Bastille in Paris in 1789 had a great influence on English society and literature. It influenced almost every sphere of life.

* The French Role:
1789: The French Revolution showed hope for the future and many writers like William Wordsworth, hoped the same would happen in Britain.
The reign of terror began in 1793.
1799-1815: The Napoleonic wars, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, took place. France aimed for supremacy in Europe, so by the 1800s most of Europe was at war against France.

* The British Society:
1.Society changed from being agricultural to be industrial.
2.Towns and cities developed.
3.The government encouraged free trade.
4.The new middle classes became more powerful.
5.There was tendency towards reform and democracy.

* An Age of Problems:
1.Suffering was found in Britain as the poor had to move from the country to the city.
2.After Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo in 1815, the soldiers found themselves unemployed.
3.There were many social and political problems like the Peterloo massacre in 1819 when government soldiers attacked a large group of protestors who were calling for worker's rights.
4.War between social classes started in Britain.
5.Ireland joined Britain politically in 1801.
6.The railway engine was invented in 1814.
7.Trades unions were recognized by the British government in 1824.
8.Any unfair treatment against Catholics was unlawful in 1899.

* The literature of the Romantic Age:
1.Most of the writings were poetry.
2.Most of that poetry was poetry of wars
3.William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) published Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
4.Both Wordsworth and Coleridge wanted a revolution in poetic language and in themes.
5.There was a move from the head (in the Augustan) to the heart, as for Romantics, reason and intellect were dangerous.
6.In literature, the individual spirit was more important than society.
7.Because the government didn't like the spirit of writing, many writers left abroad and others were not recognized in their own lifetimes.
* So: As a conclusion, we can say that the name "Romantic" was only given to the period later when the spirit of freedom and hope could be recognized. [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

THANKS DAWG